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Micron Document

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<table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">NPAS2</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/7895">NPAS2</a></span>, MOP4, PASD4, bHLHe9, neuronal PAS domain protein 2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/603347">603347</a>; <a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:109232">109232</a>; <a href="HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=1887">1887</a>; <a href="GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=NPAS2">NPAS2</a>; <a href="Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000170485">NPAS2 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a href="Chromosome_2_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 2 (human)">Chromosome 2 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 117.14883699254px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 123.1px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">2q11.2</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">100,820,139 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">100,996,829 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit">Gene location (<a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">Chromosome 1 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 53.762451800271px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 59.8px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">1 B|1 17.98 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Start</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">39,232,812 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">End</th><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class="">39,402,317 <a href="Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000170485">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">body of pancreas</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">apex of heart</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">body of stomach</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">left ventricle</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of leg</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">right auricle of heart</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">skin of abdomen</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">prefrontal cortex</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">olfactory zone of nasal mucosa</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">right frontal lobe</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000026077">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">ascending aorta</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">dorsal striatum</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">zygote</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">superior frontal gyrus</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">lumbar subsegment of spinal cord</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">olfactory tubercle</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">secondary oocyte</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">nucleus accumbens</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">aortic valve</li><br><li style="line-height: 137%;">prefrontal cortex</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000170485">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span><br><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/4862/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051879">Hsp90 protein binding</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046983">protein dimerization activity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003700">DNA-binding transcription factor activity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0046872">metal ion binding</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003677">DNA binding</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000981">DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000978">RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005667">transcription regulator complex</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634">nucleus</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005654">nucleoplasm</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005829">cytosol</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><div class="">

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006355">regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048511">rhythmic process</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045739">positive regulation of DNA repair</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060548">negative regulation of cell death</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032922">circadian regulation of gene expression</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006351">transcription, DNA-templated</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006974">cellular response to DNA damage stimulus</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051775">response to redox state</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045893">positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007417">central nervous system development</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007623">circadian rhythm</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2001020">regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045944">positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019216">regulation of lipid metabolic process</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000987">positive regulation of behavioral fear response</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#ddd, #404244) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=4862&rn=1">4862</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=18143&rn=1">18143</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000170485;db=core">ENSG00000170485</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000026077;db=core">ENSMUSG00000026077</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q99743">Q99743</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P97460">P97460</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_002518">NM_002518</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_008719">NM_008719</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_002509">NP_002509</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class=""></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_032745">NP_032745</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr2:100820139-100996829">Chr 2: 100.82 – 101 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr1:39232812-39402317">Chr 1: 39.23 – 39.4 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:light-dark(#c3fdb8, #003500) !important;color:inherit"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class=""><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15322561" class="extiw external" title="d:Q15322561">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:light-dark(#eee, #27292d) !important;color:inherit;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15322563" class="extiw external" title="d:Q15322563">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Neuronal PAS domain protein 2</b> (NPAS2) also known as <b>member of PAS protein 4</b> (MOP4) is a <a href="Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a> <a href="Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that in humans is encoded by the <i>NPAS2</i> <a href="Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9012850_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9012850-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9079689_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9079689-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPAS2 is paralogous to <a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a>, and both are key proteins involved in the maintenance of circadian rhythms in mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="Brain" title="Brain">brain</a>, NPAS2 functions as a generator and maintainer of mammalian <a href="Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">circadian rhythms</a>. More specifically, NPAS2 is an activator of <a href="Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcription</a> and <a href="Translation_(biology)" title="Translation (biology)">translation</a> of core clock and clock-controlled genes through its role in a <a href="Negative_feedback" title="Negative feedback">negative feedback loop</a> in the <a href="Suprachiasmatic_nucleus" title="Suprachiasmatic nucleus">suprachiasmatic nucleus</a> (SCN), the brain region responsible for the control of circadian rhythms.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2></div>

<p>The mammalian and mouse <i>Npas2</i> gene was first <a href="DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">sequenced</a> and characterized in 1997 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/14812/steven-mcknight.html">Dr. Steven McKnight's</a> lab and published by Yu-Dong Zhou et al.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OMIM_NPAS2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMIM_NPAS2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gene’s <a href="Complementary_DNA" title="Complementary DNA">cDNAs</a> encoding mouse and human forms of NPAS2 were isolated and sequenced. RNA blotting assays were used to demonstrate the selective presence of the gene in brain and <a href="Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a> tissues of mice. <a href="In_situ_hybridization" title="In situ hybridization">In situ hybridization</a> indicated that the pattern of Npas2 mRNA distribution in <a href="Mouse_brain" title="Mouse brain">mouse brain</a> is broad and complex, and is largely non-overlapping with that of <a href="NPAS1" title="NPAS1">Npas1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OMIM_NPAS2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMIM_NPAS2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Using <a href="Immunohistochemistry" title="Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a> of human testis, Ramasamy et al. (2015) found the presence of NPAS2 protein in both <a href="Germ_cell" title="Germ cell">germ cells</a> within the tubules of the testes and in the <a href="Interstitial_fluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstitial fluid">interstitial</a> space of <a href="Leydig_cell" title="Leydig cell">Leydig cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OMIM_NPAS2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMIM_NPAS2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_humans">In humans</h3></div>

<p>The <i>Npas2</i> gene resides on <a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> 2 at the band q13.<sup id="cite_ref-OMIM_NPAS2_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMIM_NPAS2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gene is 176,679 bases long and contains 25 <a href="Exon" title="Exon">exons.</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The predicted 824-amino acid human NPAS2 protein shares 87% sequence identity with mouse <i>Npas2</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-OMIM_NPAS2_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMIM_NPAS2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>The <i>Npas2</i> gene has been found to reside on chromosome 1 at 17.98 centimorgans and is 169,505 bases long.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_brain">In the brain</h3></div>

<p>The NPAS2 protein is a member of the <a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic helix-loop-helix">basic helix-loop-helix</a> (bHLH)-PAS <a href="Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a> family and is expressed in the <a href="Suprachiasmatic_nucleus" title="Suprachiasmatic nucleus">SCN</a>. NPAS2 is a <a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS domain</a>-containing protein, which binds other proteins via their own protein-protein (PAS) binding domains. Like its paralogue, <a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a> (another PAS domain-containing protein), the NPAS2 protein can dimerize with the <a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">BMAL1</a> protein and engage in a <a href="Circadian_clock#Transcriptional_and_non-transcriptional_control" title="Circadian clock">transcription/translation negative feedback loop</a> (TTFL) to activate transcription of the mammalian <a href="Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)"><i>Per</i></a> and <a href="Cryptochrome" title="Cryptochrome"><i>Cry</i></a> core clock genes.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NPAS2 has been shown to form a <a href="Protein_dimer" title="Protein dimer">heterodimer</a> with BMAL1 in both the brain and in cell lines, suggesting its similarity in function to the CLOCK protein in this TTFL.

</p><p>Compensation is a key feature of TTFLs that regulate circadian rhythms. BMAL1 compensates for CLOCK in that if CLOCK is absent, BMAL1 will <a href="Downregulation_and_upregulation" title="Downregulation and upregulation">upregulate</a> to maintain the mammalian circadian rhythms. NPAS2 has been shown to be analogous to the function of CLOCK in CLOCK-deficient mice.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Clock</i> knockout mice, NPAS2 is upregulated to keep the rhythms intact.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Npas2</i>-mutant mice, which do not express functional NPAS2 protein, still maintain robust circadian rhythms in locomotion. However, like CLOCK-deficient mice in the CLOCK/BMAL1 TTFL, <i>Npas2</i>-<a href="Mutant" title="Mutant">mutant</a> mice (in the NPAS2/BMAL1 TTFL) still have small defects in their circadian rhythms such as a shortened circadian period and an altered response to changes in the typical light-dark cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, <i>Npas2</i> <a href="Knockout_mouse" title="Knockout mouse">knockout</a> mice show sleep disturbances and have decreased expression of <i><a href="PER2" title="PER2">mPer2</a></i> in their <a href="Forebrain" title="Forebrain">forebrains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mice without functional alleles of both <i>Clock</i> and <i>Npas2</i> became arrhythmic once placed in constant darkness, suggesting that both genes have overlapping roles in maintaining circadian rhythms. In both <a href="Wild_type" title="Wild type">wild-type</a> and <i>Clock</i> knockout mice, <i>Npas2</i> expression is observed at the same levels, confirming that <i>Npas2</i> plays a role in maintaining these rhythms in the absence of <i>Clock</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_tissues">In other tissues</h3></div>

<p><i>Npas2</i> is expressed everywhere in the periphery of the body. Special focus has been given to its function in <a href="Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> tissues, and its <a href="Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a> is <a href="Upregulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Upregulation">upregulated</a> in <i>Clock</i>-mutant mice. However, studies have shown that <i>Npas2</i> alone is unable to maintain circadian rhythms in peripheral tissues in the absence of CLOCK protein, unlike in the SCN.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One theory to explain this observation is that <a href="Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a> in the brain are characterized by intercellular coupling and can thus respond to deficiencies in key clock proteins in nearby neurons to maintain rhythms. In peripheral tissues such as the liver and <a href="Lung" title="Lung">lung</a>, however, the lack of intercellular coupling does not allow for this compensatory mechanism to occur. A second theory as to why NPAS2 can maintain rhythms in CLOCK-deficient SCNs but not in CLOCK-deficient peripheral tissues, is that there exists an additional unknown factor in the SCN that is not present in peripheral tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19147932_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19147932-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-circadian_function">Non-circadian function</h3></div>

<p>NPAS2-deficient mice have been shown to have <a href="Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">long-term memory</a> deficits, suggesting that the protein may play a key role in the acquisition of such memories. This theory was tested by inserting a reporter gene (lacZ) that resulted in the production of an NPAS2 protein lacking the bHLH domain. These mice were then given several tests, including the cued and contextual <a href="Fear_conditioning" title="Fear conditioning">fear task</a>, and showed long-term memory deficits in both tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2></div>

<p>NPAS2 has been shown to <a href="Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a> (also known as BMAL1). Like Clock, Npas2 mRNA cycles with a similar phase to that of Bmal1, with both peaking 8 hours before the peak of <a href="PER2" title="PER2">Per2</a> mRNA expression<i>.</i> This is consistent with the observation that NPAS2 forms a <a href="Protein_dimer" title="Protein dimer">heterodimer</a> with BMAL1 to drive <i>Per2</i> expression.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11439184_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11439184-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9576906_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9576906-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="EP300" title="EP300">EP300</a>. NPAS2 and EP300 interact in a time-dependent, synchronized manner. EP300 is recruited to NPAS2 as a coactivator of clock gene expression.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14645221_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14645221-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Retinoic_acid_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoic acid receptor alpha">Retinoic acid receptor alpha</a> (RARα) and <a href="Retinoid_X_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoid X receptor alpha">retinoid X receptor alpha</a> (RXRα). In peripheral clocks, RARα and RXRα interact with NPAS2 by inhibiting the NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimer-mediated expression of clock genes. This interaction depends upon humoral signaling by <a href="Retinoic_acid" title="Retinoic acid">retinoic acid</a> and serves to phase-shift the clock.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11439184_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11439184-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Small_heterodimer_partner" title="Small heterodimer partner">Small heterodimer partner</a> (SHP). In the liver circadian clock, NPAS2 and SHP engage in a TTFL: NPAS2 controls the circadian rhythms of SHP by rhythmically binding to its promoter, while SHP inhibits transcription of <i>Npas2</i> when present.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2></div>

<p><i>Npas2</i> <a href="Genotype" title="Genotype">genotypes</a> can be determined through tissue samples from which genomic <a href="DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> is extracted and assayed. The assay is performed under <a href="Polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Polymerase chain reaction">PCR</a> conditions and can be used to determine specific mutations and <a href="Polymorphism_(biology)" title="Polymorphism (biology)">polymorphisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polymorphisms_and_tumorigenesis">Polymorphisms and tumorigenesis</h3></div>

<p>Mounting evidence suggests that the NPAS2 protein and other circadian genes are involved in <a href="Tumorigenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumorigenesis">tumorigenesis</a> and tumor growth, possibly through their control of cancer-related biologic pathways. A <a href="Missense_mutation" title="Missense mutation">missense polymorphism</a> in NPAS2 (Ala394Thr) has been shown to be associated with risk of human tumors including breast cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These findings provide evidence suggesting a possible role for the circadian <i>Npas2</i> gene in cancer prognosis. These results have been confirmed in both breast and colorectal cancers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NPAS2_and_mood_disorders">NPAS2 and mood disorders</h3></div>

<p>Current research has revealed an association between <a href="Seasonal_affective_disorder" title="Seasonal affective disorder">seasonal affective disorder (SAD)</a> and general mood disorder related to NPAS2, <a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a>, and <a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a> polymorphisms. These genes may influence seasonal variations through metabolic factors such as body weight and appetite.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Associated with a connection to mood disorders, NPAS2 has been found to be involved with dopamine degradation. This was first suggested by the observation that the clock components BMAL1 and NPAS2 transcriptionally activated a <a href="Luciferase" title="Luciferase">luciferase</a> reporter driven by the <a href="Monoamine_oxidase_A" title="Monoamine oxidase A">murine monoamine oxidase A (<i>MAOA</i>)</a> promoter in a circadian fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-Hampp_2008_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hampp_2008-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggested that these two clock components (BMAL1 and NPAS2) directly regulated <i>MAOA</i> <a href="Transcription_(biology)" title="Transcription (biology)">transcription</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hampp_2008_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hampp_2008-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequent findings discovered positive transcriptional regulation of BMAL1/NPAS2 by PER2. In mice lacking PER2, both <i>MAOA</i> mRNA and MAOA protein levels were decreased. Therefore, dopamine degradation was reduced, and dopamine levels in the <a href="Nucleus_accumbens" title="Nucleus accumbens">nucleus accumbens</a> were increased. These findings indicate that degradation of <a href="Monoamine_neurotransmitter" title="Monoamine neurotransmitter">monoamines</a> is regulated by the circadian clock. It is very likely that the described clock-mediated regulation of monoamines is relevant for humans, because single-nucleotide polymorphisms in <i><a href="PER2" title="PER2">Per2</a>, <a href="BMAL1" class="mw-redirect" title="BMAL1">Bmal1</a></i>, and <i>Npas2</i> are associated in an additive fashion with seasonal affective disorder or winter depression.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK"><i>Clock</i> (gene)</a></li>

<li><a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL"><i>Bmal1/Arntl</i> (gene)</a></li>

<li><a href="Suprachiasmatic_nucleus" title="Suprachiasmatic nucleus">Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)</a></li>

<li><a href="Steven_McKnight" title="Steven McKnight">Steven McKnight</a> (scientist)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000170485">GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170485</a> – <a href="Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000026077">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026077</a> – <a href="Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span>

</li>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKimLeeChoKang2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kim HI, Lee HJ, Cho CH, Kang SG, Yoon HK, Park YM, et al. (2015-01-01). "Association of CLOCK, ARNTL, and NPAS2 gene polymorphisms and seasonal variations in mood and behavior". <i>Chronobiology International</i>. <b>32</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">785–</span>91. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F07420528.2015.1049613">10.3109/07420528.2015.1049613</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26134245">26134245</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25985873">25985873</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSoriaMartínez-AmorósEscaramísValero2010" class="citation journal cs1">Soria V, Martínez-Amorós E, Escaramís G, Valero J, Pérez-Egea R, García C, et al. (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055337">"Differential association of circadian genes with mood disorders: CRY1 and NPAS2 are associated with unipolar major depression and CLOCK and VIP with bipolar disorder"</a>. <i>Neuropsychopharmacology</i>. <b>35</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">1279–</span>89. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnpp.2009.230">10.1038/npp.2009.230</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055337">3055337</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20072116">20072116</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Hampp_2008-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hampp_2008_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hampp_2008_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHamppRippergerHoubenSchmutz2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hampp G, Ripperger JA, Houben T, Schmutz I, Blex C, Perreau-Lenz S, et al. (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/9560/files/albrecht_rmo.pdf">"Regulation of monoamine oxidase A by circadian-clock components implies clock influence on mood"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Current Biology</i>. <b>18</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">678–</span>83. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008CBio...18..678H">2008CBio...18..678H</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2008.04.012">10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.012</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18439826">18439826</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7006379">7006379</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPartonenTreutleinAlpmanFrank2007" class="citation journal cs1">Partonen T, Treutlein J, Alpman A, Frank J, Johansson C, Depner M, et al. (March 2007). "Three circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 contribute to winter depression". <i>Annals of Medicine</i>. <b>39</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">229–</span>38. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07853890701278795">10.1080/07853890701278795</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17457720">17457720</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36387074">36387074</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=NPAS2+protein%2C+human">NPAS2+protein,+human</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/14812/steven-mcknight.html">Steven McKnight</a>, the first scientist to implicate <i>Npas2</i> as a contributor to circadian rhythms</li></ul>

<p><i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>, which is in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i>

</p>

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</style><div id="Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">Transcription factors</a> and <a href="Intracellular_receptor" title="Intracellular receptor">intracellular receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(1)_Basic_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(1) Basic domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.1) Basic</i> <a href="Leucine_zipper" title="Leucine zipper">leucine zipper</a> (<a href="BZIP_domain" title="BZIP domain">bZIP</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Activating_transcription_factor" title="Activating transcription factor">Activating transcription factor</a>

<li><a href="GABPA" title="GABPA">GABPA</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix</i> (<a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic helix-loop-helix">bHLH</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group A</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Myogenic_regulatory_factors" title="Myogenic regulatory factors">Myogenic regulatory factors</a>

<li><a href="Myogenin" title="Myogenin">Myogenin</a></li>

<li><a href="NeuroD" title="NeuroD">NeuroD</a>

<li><a href="Neurogenins" title="Neurogenins">Neurogenins</a>

<li><i>Paraxis</i>

<li><a href="Scleraxis" title="Scleraxis">Scleraxis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Twist_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Twist transcription factor">Twist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group B</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="FIGLA" title="FIGLA">FIGLA</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group C<br>bHLH-<a href="PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a></li>

<li><a href="ARNTL2" title="ARNTL2">ARNTL2</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a></li>

<li>NPAS

<li><a href="Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)">Period</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group D</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group E</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group F<br>bHLH-COE</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.3)</i> <a href="Basic_helix-loop-helix_leucine_zipper_transcription_factors" title="Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors">bHLH-ZIP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Carbohydrate-responsive_element-binding_protein" title="Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein">MLXIPL</a></li>

<li><a href="Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein" title="Sterol regulatory element-binding protein">SREBP</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.4) NF-1</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.5) RF-X</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(2)_Zinc_finger_DNA-binding_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(2)</i> <a href="Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">Zinc finger</a> DNA-binding domains</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.1)</i> <a href="Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">Nuclear receptor</a> <i>(Cys<sub>4</sub>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 1</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thyroid_hormone_receptor" title="Thyroid hormone receptor">Thyroid hormone</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 2</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Testicular_receptor" title="Testicular receptor">Testicular receptor</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 3</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Steroid_hormone_receptor" title="Steroid hormone receptor">Steroid hormone</a>

<ul><li><a href="Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">Androgen</a></li>

<li><a href="Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">Estrogen</a>

<li><a href="Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">Glucocorticoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">Mineralocorticoid</a></li>

<li><a href="Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">Progesterone</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Estrogen-related_receptor" title="Estrogen-related receptor">Estrogen related</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 4</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nuclear_receptor_4A1" title="Nuclear receptor 4A1">NGFIB</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 5</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 6</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 0</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.2) Other Cys<sub>4</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.3) Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="General_transcription_factor" title="General transcription factor">General transcription factors</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_A" title="Transcription factor II A">TFIIA</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_B" title="Transcription factor II B">TFIIB</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_D" title="Transcription factor II D">TFIID</a></li>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_E" title="Transcription factor II E">TFIIE</a>

<li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_F" title="Transcription factor II F">TFIIF</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Transcription_factor_II_H" title="Transcription factor II H">TFIIH</a></li>

<li><i>GLI family</i>

<li><i>HIVEP</i>

<li><a href="Kruppel-like_factors" title="Kruppel-like factors">Sp/KLF family</a>

<li><i>zinc finger</i>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.4) Cys<sub>6</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">HIVEP1</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.5) Alternating composition</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><i>JARID</i>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.6) WRKY</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(3)_Helix-turn-helix_domains178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(3)</i> <a href="Helix-turn-helix" title="Helix-turn-helix">Helix-turn-helix</a> <i>domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.1)</i> <a href="Homeodomain_fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeodomain fold">Homeodomain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="Antennapedia" title="Antennapedia">Antennapedia</a></i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>ANTP class</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>protoHOX</i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>Hox-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ParaHox" title="ParaHox">ParaHox</a>

<li>extended Hox: <a href="Evx1" title="Evx1">Evx1</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeobox" title="Homeobox">Homeobox</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>metaHOX</i></span><br><span class="nobold"><i>NK-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>BARHL1</li>

<li><a href="BARHL2" title="BARHL2">BARHL2</a></li>

<li><a href="Homeobox_protein_NANOG" title="Homeobox protein NANOG">NANOG</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="NOBOX" title="NOBOX">NOBOX</a></li>

<li>TALE

<li><i>PKNOX</i>

<li><a href="POU_domain" title="POU domain">POU domain</a>

<li><a href="Octamer_transcription_factor" title="Octamer transcription factor">Octamer transcription factor</a>: <a href="POU2F1" title="POU2F1">1</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.2) Paired box</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>PRRX

<li><a href="Bicoid_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicoid (gene)">Bicoid</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.3)</i> <a href="FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">Fork head</a> / <a href="Winged-helix_transcription_factors" title="Winged-helix transcription factors">winged helix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">FOX proteins</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.4)</i> <a href="Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">Heat shock factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.5) Tryptophan clusters</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Interferon_regulatory_factors" title="Interferon regulatory factors">Interferon regulatory factors</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.6) TEA domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>transcriptional enhancer factor</i>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.2)</i> <a href="STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.3) p53-like</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="P53_p63_p73_family" title="P53 p63 p73 family">p53 p63 p73 family</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.4)</i> <a href="MADS-box" title="MADS-box">MADS box</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.6)</i> <a href="TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TATA-binding proteins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.7)</i> <a href="High-mobility_group" title="High-mobility group">High-mobility group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.9) Grainyhead</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.10) Cold-shock domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.11) Runt</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.3)</i> <a href="Pocket_protein_family" title="Pocket protein family">Pocket domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.5)</i> <a href="Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">AP-2</a><i>/</i><a href="Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a><i>-related factors</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">Apetala 2</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.6) Miscellaneous</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Rho_factor" title="Rho factor">Rho</a>/<a href="Sigma_factor" title="Sigma factor">Sigma</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div><i>see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=NPAS2&oldid=1292687842">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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